This entry discusses the history of cultural heritage management in zimbabwe and the challenges that have often been encountered when managing it. Pdf great zimbabwe world heritage site and sustainable. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The architectural conservation programmes implemented at great. In line with imf advice, zimbabwe s finance minister tried to reduce the publicsector wage bill, which consumes 75 percent of gdp, by suspending annual bonuses for civil servants until 2017. Wikimedia commons has media related to archaeological sites in zimbabwe. Great zimbabwe, khami, and the nyanga terraces are managed by the national museums and monuments of zimbabwe nmmz, while the victoria falls and mana pools are run by the zimbabwe parks and wildlife management authority.
Conservation conversations and community participation in. Zimbabwean heritage managers and archaeologists have come up with. Unesco takes the lead in fighting against the thefts of cultural property internationally in collaboration with other international organisations, national government and institutions. Conservation conversations and community participation in the management of heritage sites in zimbabwe 1munyaradzi mawere, 2munyaradzi elton sagiya, and 3tapiwa r. A small site museum provides useful background information to the site itself.
The drystone walls, many of monumental scale, and earth houses, were built over many centuries of the african iron age, between c. Zimbabwe has a history of formal cultural heritage management which dates back to the colonial period. It is one of zimbabwes world heritage sites and was the capital of the butua state, its leaders reigning at khami from about ad 1450 until its fiery destructive around ad 1644. Zimbabwe gained its independence in 1965 and at that time enjoyed a diversified economy, welldevel oped infrastructure, and an advanced financial sector. Mubaya 1universidade pedagogica, mozambique 2great zimbabwe world heritage site 3department of history and development studies at the great zimbabwe university. Most important, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings, and behaviors that we draw from them. In zimbabwe, cultural heritage is defined by law and includes some of the following. Zimbabwes cultural heritage a new series of guidebooks. Zimbabwe stands almost alone in the world for being named after an archaeological site great zimbabwe. Archaeological heritage in harare few cities in southern africa are thought to predate 1800. The preservation and presentation of great zimbabwe. Great zimbabwe, a unesco world heritage cultural site. Keywords cultural heritage, sustainable development, zimbabwe.
Assessment of the values attributed to heritage is a very important activity. Archaeological heritage download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Prehistory society of zimbabwe newsletter 143 editorial. Pages in category archaeological sites in zimbabwe the following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. The challenges of managing an archaeological heritage site. Urban archaeology, zimbabwe, heritage management 1. Thus, it is my hope that the next update will not be 20 years in the making. Zimbabwe has five world heritage sites, which are great zimbabwe, khami, matobo hills, victoria falls, and mana pools. While the term cultural heritage is generally used in europe, in the usa the term cultural resources is in more general use specifically referring to cultural heritage. Robert mugabe became prime minister in 1980 and president in 1987 and has been in power ever since. It is quite unfortunate that major historical developments have been antithetical to. The countrys heritage institutions which include the national gallery of zimbabwe, nmmz and national archives of zimbabwe are fighting strongly against the thefts of our cultural property. Heritage is the full range of our inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and culture. Cultural heritage management 7967 z or scientific interest.
Matobo hills, great zimbabwe, mana pools, khami ruins and the victoria falls and these significantly contribute to cultural tourism. The challenges of managing an archaeological heritage site in a. Y our monument our shrine the preservation of great. Cultural heritage management is the vocation and practice of managing cultural heritage. Archaeology and oral traditionsa case for zimbabwe. The ruins of great zimbabwe the capital of the queen of sheba, according to an ageold legend are a. Amendments to the heritage act made in 2009 have changed the definition of an archaeological relic under. Paper presented at the world heritage centre whc international council of monuments and sites icomos meeting, harare.
Great zimbabwe is the largest of about 250 similarly dated mortarless stone structures in africa, called collectively zimbabwe culture sites. The challenges of managing an archaeological heritage site in a declining economy. When european colonialists like cecil rhodes first. State heritage places, archaeological state heritage places and protected areas, the requirement for an archaeological investigation will be identified during the planning process and be included in the approval conditions. Archaeological survey, the national inventory of monuments and sites. Environmental heritage is broadly defined under section 4 of the heritage act as consisting of the following items. The research explored the skills gaps and shortages within the museums and cultural heritage sector. This research provides evidencebased findings to inform the development of new products and programmes in the sector.
The names of those participating in the research are included at the end of this report. Khami ruins is an extensive complex of stonewalled sites that lies just west of bulawayo. At the same time, concern for the conservation of these sites has become more widespread and heritage related issues have become more complex. Acropolis zimbabwe mauch ruins zimbabwe renders ruins zimbabwe great enclosure.
Site protection program manager kentucky heritage council and director kentucky archaeological. Archaeological sites and remains are physical, realworld entities and subjects of scientific research, but archaeological heritage is also a social and conceptual construction. Most work has been conducted on the north bank of the zambezi river out of the livingstone museum in zambia. Archaeological heritage, religion and politics in postcolonial zimbabwe and the return of cultural property matenga, edward uppsala university, disciplinary domain of humanities and social sciences, faculty of arts, department of archaeology and ancient history. New challenges for cultural heritage management in zimbabwe.
Most national monuments of zimbabwe proclaimed in the colonial period were either these archaeological sites or colonial memorials that had to do with the. In an effort to correct this gap, the author in conjunction with other specialists initiated a series of low cost, factual booklets that we hope will explain many aspects of zimbabwe s cultural heritage. It is likely that the archaeological footprint on the south bank in zimbabwe similar. Ican fund sis great zimbabwe promoting african heritage. The main objective of this study is to explore the practice of archaeological heritage management in zimbabwe and southern africa in general, and at great zimbabwe in particular, focusing on the manner in which archaeological monuments have been preserved and presented. Matero heritage and conservation have become important themes in current discussions on place, cultural identity, and the preservation of the past. Heritage includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating, displaying, or restoring a collection of old things. An evaluation of the effectiveness of international conventions, charters, recommendations and guidelines on the conservation of archaeological heritage in zimbabwe.
The others are open to visitors and we are constantly looking at ways in which we can improve public access and onsite facilities. Conservation and management of archaeological sites. One of the seven wonders of the world, the victoria falls form one of the most spectacular world heritage sites, a spectacle which is found in the heart of zimbabwe. The ruins of great zimbabwe extend over 720 hectares of rocky hill and valley in southcentral zimbabwe. The dilemma of preserving intangible heritage in zimbabwe seke katsamudanga, zimbabwe introduction this paper intends to look at the dilemmas of preserving intangible heritage in the face of changing cultural perceptions in zimbabwe. Part of southern africa showing some of the archaeological cultural heritage sites in zimbabwe. Planning and approval processes do not automatically identify the need for an archaeological investigation before. Some of our properties are held in perpetuity so that their future protection is secure. Archaeological heritage management in england and zimbabwe. Management of insitu surface collections at great zimbabwe world heritage site.
Archaeological sites have long been a part of heritage and its display, certainly before. Words have various meanings regarding to the context. Khami ruins world heritage site natural history museum. Conservation and management of archaeological sites, vol. The phrase oral traditional heritage generally refers to folklore, legends, tales, edicts and stories through which knowledge of the past is preserved and transmitted from one generation to another. They are representation of the past and several times it becomes hard to understand why exactly do we need to spend time, energy and money to preserve heritage sites. It is a branch of cultural resources management, although it also draws on the practices of cultural conservation, restoration, museology, archaeology, history and architecture. Africa and zimbabwe, in particular, are lucky in that our archaeological records reside in the memory of still living custodians. Click download or read online button to get archaeological heritage book now.
Senior collections manager, natural history museum, bulawayo, zimbabwe. Article pdf available january 2014 with 9,353 reads. Pictures, both pen sketches and photographs, are an integral part of the booklet as we have become a society of pictures and icons. This paper examines the interactions and involvement of state and nonstate actors in the management of archaeological heritage sites, ancestrally linked to a minority ethnic group, and situated in the marginal hwange district in northwestern zimbabwe. Consequently, the stratification of the great zimbabwe site, and many others, was completely disturbed and many artefacts of great archaeological value, but with little intrinsic value, such a ceramics and pottery, weapons, ornaments and household items were simply discarded by these treasure hunters. The central area of ruins extends about 200 acres 80 hectares. Great zimbabwe is a massive african iron age settlement and drystone monument located near the town of masvingo in central zimbabwe. Great zimbabwe, extensive stone ruins of an african iron age city. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy.
This is evidenced by the fact that there are five unesco world heritage sites in the country. The world heritage site at great zimbabwe is one the countries four proclaimed sites and was inscribed as second heritage site in 1986 after mana pools. The dilemma of preserving intangible heritage in zimbabwe. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The act was later repealed and replaced with a new act, cap 3, after the commission and the national museums of. It lies in southeastern zimbabwe, about 19 miles 30 km southeast of masvingo.
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