Nov 16, 2017 kenya is also one of subsaharan africas most important states and east africas hub. Terrorism in kenya by koome gikunda graduating senior introduction kenya has been the battlefield of tragic terrorist attacks on western interests twice since 1998 once in 1998 when the us embassy was attacked and a second time in 2002 when a israeliowned paradise hotel was bombed. Evaluating kenya s tourism crisis the purpose of this paper is to provide information that can aid in the development of a crisis management plan for kenya. Kenya terrorism index 20022018 data 20192020 forecast. Kenyan officers suggest program in which terrorism suspects were killed without trial on basis of western intelligence. Finally, kenya in 20 adopted its second fiveyear medium term plan mtp ii 2017 to implement its vision 2030, which represents a solid strategic framework to transform kenya into a newly industrializing, middleincome country by 2030. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In retaliation to operation linda nchi, the alshabaab has carried out a number of attacks in kenya from 2011. A it has been a great threat to the kenyan citizens in both their personal safety and their movement within the country including their places of work howard 1992. Terrorism 3 most devastating terror attacks in kenya. The national counter terrorism centre was established in 2004 by a decision of the cabinet.
Kenya has experienced 100 terror related attacks in three. Here are the 3 most devastating terrorist attacks in kenya. Yet, despite this renewed interest, countries on the continent have been experiencing manifestations of this threat already for several decades. Kenya has been a frequent target of terrorist attacks. Jun 10, 2014 what the returning militants find in kenya is a large pool of potential recruits among a marginalized and threatened muslim and somali minority in the coastal region, the northeast and nairobi. The core leadership of the kenyan cell consisted primarily of citizens of the gulf states, somalia, pakistan, and the comoro islands who had assimilated into local cultures along the indian ocean seaabout the institute the united states institute of peace is an.
In 1980, the jewishowned norfolk hotel was attacked by the palestine liberation organization plo. In the neighboring states of uganda and tanzania organized crime trends are not dissimilar to those in kenya. Foreign investors as well as donors have been hesitant to invest or support kenya due to the past track. They are also being suspected of spying for the kdf. Countering the radicalization of kenyas youth kenya. International terrorism is a significant threat to world peace and security, and as such remains high on the agenda within policy and intelligence circles. As terrorism thrives in other climes, the governments of kenya and nigeria are increasingly pressured by the activities of alshabaab and bokoharam. The impact of kenyas legal and institutional frameworks on. Now recruitment is much more widespread, due to the increasing criminal and terrorist activities in. A handbook on reporting terrorism v acknowledgements t he media council of kenya is grateful to all the people who contributed to the production of this report. As the world becomes more technologically advanced, terrorism has risen as a major setback to the advancement of the human race. Legal challenge on december 23, 2014, the opposition, the coalition for reform and democracy cord, filed a suit in the high court challenging the constitutionality of the law. One of the partners in the war on terrorism is kenya.
The closest that kenyas legal system has come in definition of terrorism is to be derived from the prevention of terrorism act, 2012 where the term terrorist act is defined to mean. In 1980, jewishowned norfolk hotel was attacked by the plo. Thanks to finn rasmussen for the technical input that ensured quality material. Kenyas decision to build a wall along the kenyasomalia border to keep terrorism at bay reeks off insularity, naivety and corruption. Aug 15, 2016 the vast majority of respondents claimed that corruption is the greatest challenged faced by kenya, and that curtailing it should be the main focus for ngos.
A handbook on reporting terrorism media council of kenya. Since guns are not manufactured in kenya, it is only logical to believe that the weapons enter the country in ways that are a danger to. Kenyan counterterrorism police admit to extrajudicial killings. They have constantly taken responsibilities on a number of occasions. Kenya has a long history of carrying out draconian military campaigns against problem groups within the country, and the countrys large somali. Case study of kenya article pdf available in ssrn electronic journal april 2011 with 9,246 reads how we measure reads. While the figures of crime facing kenya are still some of the worst in east africa, there is still considerable potential for a stable economy, government, and successful police force. A case study of eastleigh estate, nairobi county by anthony kamindo c50738352012 research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of master of arts in sociology advanced disaster management, university of nairobi november, 2016. First, the ratio of police to citizens needs to improve drastically. Globally, the country took a less important role for terrorism so far. Kenya authorities have denied knowledge of the missing people, failed to acknowledge credible evidence of abuses during counterterrorism operations, failed to investigate the allegations and in. Tom mboya, who established the inuka kenya trust in response to the role young people played in perpetrating the postelection violence of 20072008, says now is an opportunity to engage the youth.
The banks country strategy paper csp 201418 for kenya supports the countrys. It has become frequent in kenya due to the presence of kenya defense forces in somali. Unfortunately, the security situation in kenya, especially in nairobi and mombasa, continues to worsen. Terrorism is referred to as the use of force or violence for political purpose. The terrorist incidents in kenya demonstrate clearly that terrorism is, and will remain, one of the goks main concerns. He added that by august 2016, terrorist attacks inside the kenyan soil were less than ten while community led deradicalization program has prevented many youth from joining militant. Terrorism in kenya has affected the tourism industry. They offer the example of the downward spike of visits to the kenyan coast by foreigners, following the 1998 attack in nairobi and the 2002 kikambala bombings in mombasa.
Abuses in counterterrorism operations in nairobi and in. Kenya has been the scene of various attacks attributed to terrorist elements. Embassy in kenya in 1998, killing more than 200 people. Department of state and the fbi announced that they have partnered with kenya to establish the first ever joint terrorism task force jttf outside of the united states. Terrorism in kenya has put the once tourist favourite nation into a state of sadness and loss. The impact of kenyas legal and institutional frameworks. As a result of the atrocities visited upon kenyans by al shabaab extremists there is a growing voice. Background report alshabaab attack on garissa university in kenya on thursday, april 2, gunmen attacked garissa university in eastern kenya, near the border with somalia.
In 20, the militant group alshabaab killed 67 people at nairobis westgate shopping mall. Alshabaab terrorists propaganda and the kenya government. These terrorist attacks conform to an emerging trend in international terrorism striking far beyond terrorism s traditional operational theaters in europe and the middle east. Security bill tramples basic rights, human rights watch dec. Terrorism in kenya the risk of terrorist attacks in kenya over the past years can be classified as below average. A person who conspires to commit a terrorist act abroad while in kenya or with a person in kenya commits an offense and is, on conviction, subject to a maximum of 20 years of imprisonment. These weapons play a significant role in transnational crime as well as common street disorder in major cities. Background report alshabaab attack on garissa university in. In 2012, kenyas economy returned to a more stable path. Introduction in december 2006 and january and february 2007, at least 150 people, including children1, of 21 nationalities2, were arbitrarily detained in kenya.
Evaluating kenyas tourism crisis the purpose of this paper is to provide information that can aid in the development of a crisis management plan for kenya. The kenya led team will be based in nairobi, will follow the u. Several scholars assert that the mostreferredto economic impact of terrorist attacks in kenya is that on the tourism sector njogu, 2007. Kenya, specifically, has been hard hit by terrorist attacks during the past twenty years or so. Its international visibility and status lead alshabab to make conscious decisions and efforts to attack it. The kenyans are moving back to the country following sustained attacks by the kenya defence forces and somalia national army. Radicalisation and terrorist recruitment among kenyas youth. Other than an opportunity for grand corruption, there is no logical reason to justify the decision. There have been a number of terrorist attacks in kenya in recent years. Alshabaab attacks fell from 72 in 2014 to 28 by the end of 2015, kagwanja said. The impact of alshabab terrorist attacks in kenya munin. Stability within kenya has the potential to create an example for surrounding african nations.
Kenya, taking hostages and killing at least 67 people. Essay on terrorism in kenya 3144 words pages terrorism in kenya introduction kenya has been the battlefield of tragic terrorist attacks on western interests twice since 1998 once in 1998 when the us embassy was attacked and a second time in 2002 when a israeliowned paradise hotel was bombed. International journal of economics, commerce and management, united. In recent years, the somalibased alshabab has perpetrated two largescale attacks in kenya. The largest, most highprofile attack occurred in 1998 when alqaeda operatives bombed the u. Kenya is also one of subsaharan africas most important states and east africas hub. Hotels were almost collapsing and thousands of kenyans lost their jobs.
Kenyas case study in homegrown terrorism public radio. In africa, the notion of terrorism itself can be traced back to anticolonial struggles whilst the more recent terrorist attacks in kenya and tanzania give some indication of the severity of the threat of terrorism in the horn of africa. The attackers killed 147 and injured 79 before detonating suicide vests when cornered by security forces. The recent introduction of a fullyfledged east african community customs union involving kenya, uganda, tanzania, rwanda, and burundi. Watamu is a quick snorkel away from the malindi marine reserve park, and turtle beach is the ideal spot for a swim and a tanning session. Its creation responded to the development of a national counter terrorism strategy in april 2003 reflecting the concern of the national leadership about the sharp escalation of the terrorist threat to kenya. We appreciate the contributions of journalists ims and officers in the security sector. The vast majority of respondents claimed that corruption is the greatest challenged faced by kenya, and that curtailing it should be the main focus for ngos.
Yet, despite this renewed interest, countries on the continent have been experiencing manifestations of this. What the returning militants find in kenya is a large pool of potential recruits among a marginalized and threatened muslim and somali minority in the coastal region, the northeast and nairobi. Over the past 5 years a total number of 373 terrorist incidents has been recorded, in which 929. Kenyas security agencies have foiled numerous attacks and saved many lives. Why alshabab targets kenya and what the country can do. In 1998, kenya experienced its first major terrorist hit when. In 20, the militant group alshabaab killed 67 people at nairobi s. Various reasons for joining the major refugee camps in kenya, such as dadaab or kakuma, have traditionally been recruiting grounds for terrorists. Before the embassy bombing, kenyas deadliest attack had been in december 1980 when a bomb exploded outside norfolk hotel in nairobi just before the new year, killing 20 people and injuring 85. Terrorists have struck various times in kenya claiming innocent lives whenever they do. We should stop providing any type of assistance or training to police units in kenya. The considerable fdi efforts have been witnessed in small bits within the horticulture and export sectors of the economy. Weapons are also transported into kenya and used for a variety of unlawful and dangerous means rso, personal statement, 2010. The terrorists have staged attacks on various parts of the country with the intention of killing.
Combating transnational terrorism in kenya request pdf. The attack is the most deadly terrorist incident in kenya since the 1998 al qaeda bombing of the u. On 5 january 2020 there was an attack on a military camp at manda airstrip lamu county in which 3 people were killed. A majority 71 percent say that civil society has an important role to play in countering violent extremism. Over the past 5 years a total number of 373 terrorist incidents has been recorded, in which 929 people have been killed and 1149 injured. Pdf terrorism has proved to be a phenomenon that targets human society at all sectors. These abuses have marred kenyas counterterrorism operations and further eroded. Watamu, kenya the delightful village of watamu is an ecotourists dream, lined with sandy white beaches and hotels dedicated to sustainable tourism. Are land disputes responsible for terrorism in kenya. In 1998, the us embassy in nairobi was bombed, as was the israeliowned paradise hotel in 2002.
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